QFT,弦論有效場論中說的integrate out 是什麼意思?

時間 2021-05-12 16:33:57

1樓:

I am not very familiar with the mathematics here, but I do see "integrate out" in QFT a lot of times.

In path integral, everything imitates the usual integral on complex plane. Thus the integration of d\phi in path integral will be very similar to

The only difference here is that the contraction between p and x, which is typically a discrete sum, becomes an integral of two fields, which can be seen as a "continuous" sum. Thus, such an integration over d\phi yields a delta function of 1-form B, forcing it to take a specific form.

I am a little puzzled in two aspects. First, if you integrate out d\phi rather than \phi, it seems B has to be zero. (Maybe I neglect some points or misunderstand the mathematics.

) Moreover, the path integral is

it seems what should be integrated out is \phi rather than d\phi.

Hoping this is useful for you.

2樓:

integrate out就是場論中的意思,如果這個場是dynamical的,就要把它的沿著經典運動方程的量子漲落積分掉。經典運動方程對應著樹圖,二次漲落對應單圈,高階項對應高圈圍繞修正。

你這裡phi是一次的,並不是dynamical的,相當於乙個Lagrange multiplier。所以integrate phi out就是求它的運動方程,解出來就是關於對B field的約束

dB=0

所以得到B是恰當形式dv加上一堆cocycle的線性組合。

超對稱 超共形場論的熱點問題,以及與弦論的聯絡?

史詩生物 這些題目都不怎麼熱門啦。矮子裡面拔高個的話,我感覺 superconformal index 比較熱門,因為是 SCFT 最重要 性質最多又有趣的量,而且與其他方面的研究都有充足的聯絡,比如其 Schur limit 跟手徵代數這一相對新的構造有聯絡。我見過的超對稱超共形場論都有弦論 M ...

弦論中如何描述粒子的角動量?

Frankie Ling 既然看起來您是在認真地質疑我,那我就認真地寫個回答好了。首先回答題主的問題。本回答均採用自然單位制 Viewpoint 1 從量子力學的角度來說,粒子的總的角動量 包含兩部分,一部分是服從 變換的軌道角動量 orbital angular momentum 另一部分是迷向子...

廣義相對論中的共形變換和量子場論中的共形變換是否有區別?

一般CFT的書基本沿用 這個在GR裡面通常特指conformal isometry p.s 有些書喜歡用 ds 2 Omega ds 2 當Omega 1時,得到isometry。但這個總覺得有點歧義,我們都知道對任意座標變換線元都保持不變 我認為沒有差別,如果非要說,命名不一樣,有沒有寫的loca...